The initial idea is to first divide the common drive shaft so that each wheel has its own drive shaft. Animation: How a differential gear works 1st step – drive of the separated shafts by pins and a freely rotatable bar For the sake of simplicity, it makes sense to first understand the individual steps behind the idea of the differential gear.
SHAFT DESIGN ANIMATION HOW TO
The main question is how to come up with such an arrangement of gears. The design and operating principle of a differential gear are not easy to understand at first glance. Figure: Differential gear of a truck Design of a differential gear One sees the pinion (shown yellow in the animation above) and the bevel gear (shown orange in the animation above). The other bevel gears are inside the housing and not visible from the outside. The picture below shows the differential gear of a truck. Animation: Operation of a differential gear This reduces not only the driving fun but also the driving safety. It was therefore necessary to find a solution to drive both wheels at the same time while allowing different speeds: The differential gear was born. Such a one-sided drive leads however to the fact that the vehicle tries to drive a slight curve. The other wheel was mounted freely on the shaft so that it could rotate with a different speed. When cornering, the outer wheel must be able to rotate faster than the inner wheel!įor this reason, in the early days, only one of the wheels was driven. Animation: Twisting of the drive shaft during a turn Animation: Twisting of the drive shaft during a turn (closeup) This slipping in the curve not only reduces driving safety but also leads to considerable tyre wear and, in the long run, to shaft breakage. Sooner or later, such a twist is compensated by a slipping of one of the wheels. If the two wheels would be connected by a common shaft, the shaft would twist due to the different rotational speeds. However, since both wheels must travel around the turn at the same time, the outer wheel must rotate faster than the inner wheel. In such a case, the outer wheel must cover a greater distance than the inner wheel. This allows the rotational motion from the engine to the wheels to be deflected by 90°. If, however, the wheels were rigidly connected to each other by a common shaft, this would lead to problems when cornering. In automobiles, the wheels are usually driven by the engine using a bevel gear.
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